Romania is a southeastern European country .It borders the Black sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary and Moldova. With 19.94 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city - Bucharest, is the sixth largest city in the EU, with 1,883,425 inhabitants as of 2011.
The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km (1775 mi), coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains which cross Romania from the north to the southwest are marked by one of their tallest peaks, Moldoveanu - at 2,544 m (8,346 ft).
Romania
has been a member of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. A strong majority of the population identify themselves a Orthodox Christians and are native speakers of Romanian, a Roman language. The cultural history of Romania is often referred to when dealing with influential artists, musicians, inventors and sportspeople . For similar reasons, Romania has been the subject of notable tourist attractions.
The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km (1775 mi), coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains which cross Romania from the north to the southwest are marked by one of their tallest peaks, Moldoveanu - at 2,544 m (8,346 ft).
Romania
has been a member of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. A strong majority of the population identify themselves a Orthodox Christians and are native speakers of Romanian, a Roman language. The cultural history of Romania is often referred to when dealing with influential artists, musicians, inventors and sportspeople . For similar reasons, Romania has been the subject of notable tourist attractions.
FAMOUS PEOPLE
Gheorghe Hagi (born 5 February 1965) is a Romanian former footballer, considered one of the best attacking midfielders in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s and the greatest Romanian footballer of all time. Galatasaray fans called him 'Comandante' (The Commander) and Romanians called him 'Regele' (The King).
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DOBROGEA REGION
Dobrogea region is home to the Danube Delta, a 2,200-square-mile wildlife reserve designated by UNESCO as a "Reservation of the Biosphere;" the ancient port city of Constanta, and the seaside resorts stretching along Romania's 152-mile Black Sea coast. From the port city of Tulcea, day cruises through the Delta's waterways give travelers a glimpse of the abundant wildlife and the traditional fishing villages. Floating reed islands, sand dunes and waterways offer shelter to over 300 species of birds, countless fish and 1,150 species of plants.
Outdoor Adventures & Parks
Macinului Mountains National Park – the oldest mountain chain in Romania
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve – third largest biodiversity in the world
Traditional foodThe cuisine of Dobrogea, mainly based on fish, as the region is close to the Black Sea, the Delta and the Danube River, is a mix of Romanian, Greek, Turkish, Tartar and Bulgarian flavors and receipies. One of the traditional dishes of the region is the Tripe Soup. To make this delicious soup, beef tripe is mixed with carrots, onions, pepper and garlic. It is flavored afterwards with vinegar or sour cream.
The delicious local salad, called Salata Dobrogeana, is made of fresh vegetables – pepper, cucumbers, tomatoes, onion, to which boiled eggs, grated cheese, minced dill or parsley are added.
The Sarailie cake, with walnuts or almonds dipped in syrup, makes an excellent dessert.
The most popular dish in the Danube Delta is the Fisherman's Soup.
In a big cast-iron kettle, water is brought to a boil with vegetables and some 10 to 15 species of small fish. The liquid is then strained and the small fish discarded. Big chunks of sturgeon, carp or pike are then boiled in the broth. The fish soup makes two dishes: first, the broth is served with a wooden spoon and then the big chunks of fish are sprinkled with chili pepper or garlic.
Afterwards, Saramura, prepared from big chunks of carp broiled on the stove or on a spit, is served with polenta and garlic sauce.
Other local specialties: Ciorba de Burta ( Beef tripe soup) - served seasoned with vinegar or sour cream, Plachie de crap - carp cooked with onions and oil
VineyardsAn entire collection of archeological objects and inscriptions speak of the importance of wine growing in the life of the ancient cities along the Romanian shore of the Black Sea.
Murfatlar Winery
Murfatlar, Romania's largest wine producing region, is located 10 miles west of the Black Sea coast. Over 300 days of sunshine, along with cool breezes from the sea, make this area ideal for the production of medium-dry and sweet wines, such as late harvest Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Muscat Ottonel. Red wines are also produced at Murfatlar - Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir being the most popular.
Sarica Niculitel Winery
Sarica Niculitel, located in the northern part of Dobrogea, nearby Tulcea,
and surrounded by hills laden with vines, is well-know for the centuries-old winemaking tradition. The wormwood wine of Niculitel has a special local technique: three quarters of the barrel is filled with white and black grapes,
on top of which wormwood flowers, quinces and apples are added, after which wine or must is poured in. As it ferments, the must rises and begins to spout freely. Other highly appreciated wines produced at Sarica Niculitel include Aligote, Riesling, Feteasca Regala, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Ottonel, Merlot and Pinot Noir.
Customs of Dobrogea
In Dobrogea, we meet customs that have been preserved since ancient times and are still practiced:
"Lăzărelul" - practiced Saturday Palm Sunday - practiced currently in town with predominantly Greek population, Izvoarele. They say that Lazarus, dies in an accident while he was in the forest to bring animal feeding stuffs. Mother and village virgins, cry, and the tomb of Lazarus grows a tree with branches rich and beautiful.
"Caloianul" - practiced after Easter - custom consisted in making a doll of clay, which was buried in the field, then after a period of time to be exhumed, torn into pieces and landfilled, symbolizing fertility, abundance of crops and regenerate vegetation .
"Carolling" - going with Santa Eve, on Christmas Eve practiced in the evening and is a custom that we meet today, the children practiced in general, which contain old carols sung by the groups of young men.
"Oleleu" - on Christmas Eve evening practiced in groups of lads who stick with bells on earth being seated in a circle or semicircle in front of the house or household gate symbolizing protection from evil spirits. The custom is still practiced in the area of Macin.
LOCATION:Turkey is located in the continent of Asia, covers 769,632 square kilometers of land and 13,930 square kilometers of water, making it the 37th largest nation in the world with a total area of 783,562 square kilometers.
Turkey was founded as a distinct and original nation in 1453. The population of Turkey is 79,749,461 (2012) and the nation has a density of 104 people per square kilometer..Turkey shares land borders with 8 countries: Greece, Bulgaria, Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
CULTURE:Turkish Culture is unique in the world in that it has influenced and has been influenced in return by cultures and civilizations from China to Vienna and from Russian steps to North Africa for over a millennia. Turkish culture reflects this unparalleled cultural richness and diversity, and remains mostly shaped by its deep roots in Middle East, Anatolia and Balkans, the cradle of many civilizations for at least twelve thousand years.
CUSINE :Turkish cuisine is fast making a name for itself on the worldwide culinary platform. The combination of flavours and ingredients are blended together to form dishes historically influenced by a number of cultures including the Greeks, Ottomans, middle eastern and Balkans. Traditional dishes will vary from region to region so on this list, we bring you the most popular Turkish food dishes from across the country.Bake patoto,pide,lahmacun,kebap,meatballs,baklava are some example of Turkish delicious cusine.
TOURISM: If someone was claim that the most scenic vistas in Anatolia can be found on the coasts of the Aegean, he could not be accused of exaggerating. In the words of Heredotus, the Aegean coasts "have the most beautiful sky and the best climate in the world." The bays and peninsulas, coves and golden beaches stretch the length of these beautiful shores. In this region where the countless events of mythology took place, at almost every turn, you will encounter the theaters, temples and agoras of ancient cities:Bodrum, Fethiye, Marmaris, Kuşadası, Selçuk, Bergama, Foça, Çeşme, Pamukkale..İstanbul.Cappadocia,Antalya are the other important tourist destinations.You can visit important and beautiful historical and natural places there.
ISTANBUL(THE CITY WHERE OUR SCHOOL TAKES PLACE):İstanbul, which was known as a capital of the capital cities, and created a big peace of geographies with regaining to first Roma, and then Eastern Roman (Byzantium) Empire and continents, and was the capital city of Ottoman Empire, is going to a modern future with preserving magnificence of history with proud. Variety in İstanbul is really charming the visitors. It is serving infinite nuances with its museums, churches, palaces, bazaar places and natural beauties. When you lean against backside at the coast of the strait, you feel İstanbul as "center of the world" and understand why people select this mosques, extraordinary place centuries before with watching the reflection of the red at sun set from the houses at the coast.
FAMOUS PEOPLE:
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a revolutionary who helped establish the Republic of Turkey. He was Turkey's first president, and his reforms modernized the country.
Synopsis
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born in 1881 in the former Ottoman Empire. As a young man, he was involved with the Young Turks, a revolutionary group that deposed the sultan in 1909. Ataturk led the Turkish War of Independence and signed the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, which made Turkey a republic. He was elected its first president and ushered in reforms that modernized Turkey. He died in 1938.
Early Life
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born simply "Mustafa" in the early months of 1881, in Salonika, in what was then the Ottoman Empire (his birthplace is now known as Thessalonika, in modern-day Greece). When he was 12 years old, Mustafa was sent to the military academy in Istanbul. There, his mathematics teacher gave him the name Kemal—meaning "perfection"—because he excelled in academics. He graduated in 1905.
Military Career
As a young man, Mustafa Kemal became a member of the Young Turks, a revolutionary movement of intellectuals. He participated in the Young Turk Revolution of July 1908, which successfully deposed Sultan Abdülhamid II. From 1909 to 1918, Mustafa Kemal held a number of posts in the Ottoman army. He fought against Italy in the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 and from 1912-1913 he fought in the Balkan Wars. During the second Balkan War he became chief of staff before being posted at the Turkish embassy in Bulgaria. He made a name for himself as the commander of the 19th Division, where his bravery and strategic prowess helped thwart the Allied invasion of the Dardanelles in 1915, and received repeated promotions until the Armistice of Mudros ended the fighting in 1918.
The armistice provisions gave the Allies the right to occupy forts that controlled major waterways, as well as any territory that might pose a threat to security. In 1919, Ataturk organized resistance to these forces, and when the Treaty of Sèvres was signed at the end of World War I, divvying up the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal demanded complete independence for Turkey. The Great National Assembly—the new Turkish parliament—engaged in a series of battles with Greek and Armenian forces until Mustafa signed the Treaty of Lausanne on October 29, 1923. This established the Republic of Turkey, and Mustafa Kemal became the country’s first president.
Presidency
Mustafa Kemal's first order of business was to modernize and secularize the country, which he did by studying Western governments and adapting their structure for the people of Turkey. He believed that modernization necessarily entailed Westernization, and he established a policy of state secularism, with a constitution that separated the government from religion.
Social and economic reforms were a crucial part of his strategy as well. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with a Latin one, introduced the Gregorian calendar and urged people to dress in Western clothes. Mustafa industrialized the nation, establishing state-owned factories around the country as well as a railway network. And a multitude of new laws established legal equality between the sexes. Mustafa removed women’s veiling laws and gave women the right to vote.
Although he believed he was advancing the country, not all of Mustafa Kemal’s reforms were warmly received. His policy of state secularism was particularly controversial, and he was accused of decimating important cultural traditions.
Personal Life
Mustafa Kemal was married briefly from 1923 to 1925, and although he never fathered off-spring, it is said he adopted 12 daughters and one son. Other sources say he had up to 8 children. In 1934, he introduced surnames in Turkey, and he took the last name Ataturk, which means "Father of the Turks." He died on November 10, 1938, from cirrhosis of the liver.
For some other famous people in Turkey:https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/guide/turkey/6/
ITALY
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SLOVENIA
SLOVENIJA
Slovenia belongs to Central Europe and measures 20 273 km2, the population is about two million.
The capital is Ljubljana with about 280 000 inhabitants. The neighbouring countries are: Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia, the highest mountain is in Alps, Triglav (2864 m).
Triglav is one of the Slovenians symbols. It is said, that you become a true Slovene, when you climb the top of the mountain. Whenever we present Slovenia, we remember Triglav: it is located in our flag and we feel it in our hearts.
In this year (in 2018) we celebrate 240 years since four brave men from Bohinj reached the top of Triglav. At that time Slovenia didn't exist as a country and those four men proved that Triglav is Slovenian mountain.
Slovenia is usually presented as the country in the sunny side of the Alps, meaning that Alps present border on the north. Often we speak about it as a green country, because it is covered by forests. Harbour Koper is the biggest harbour in Adriatic sea and is important also for other countries in Central Europe, waters from Slovenia flow to the Adriatic sea and in this way connects all participating countries in this Erasmus+.
Slovenian school is situated in Bohinjska Bistrica, settlement within Bohinj area. Some pupils from our school live in the area of Triglav National Park, therefore we are attached to the biggest permanent lake – Bohinj lake, designed by glacier.
In its name Slovenia is hiding the word love, so we covered the map of Slovenia with hearts in colours of Slovenian flag (white, blue, red). White hearts show particular Slovenian characteristics.
https://www.slovenia.info/en
BOHINJ:
https://www.bohinj.si/en/
Slovenia belongs to Central Europe and measures 20 273 km2, the population is about two million.
The capital is Ljubljana with about 280 000 inhabitants. The neighbouring countries are: Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia, the highest mountain is in Alps, Triglav (2864 m).
Triglav is one of the Slovenians symbols. It is said, that you become a true Slovene, when you climb the top of the mountain. Whenever we present Slovenia, we remember Triglav: it is located in our flag and we feel it in our hearts.
In this year (in 2018) we celebrate 240 years since four brave men from Bohinj reached the top of Triglav. At that time Slovenia didn't exist as a country and those four men proved that Triglav is Slovenian mountain.
Slovenia is usually presented as the country in the sunny side of the Alps, meaning that Alps present border on the north. Often we speak about it as a green country, because it is covered by forests. Harbour Koper is the biggest harbour in Adriatic sea and is important also for other countries in Central Europe, waters from Slovenia flow to the Adriatic sea and in this way connects all participating countries in this Erasmus+.
Slovenian school is situated in Bohinjska Bistrica, settlement within Bohinj area. Some pupils from our school live in the area of Triglav National Park, therefore we are attached to the biggest permanent lake – Bohinj lake, designed by glacier.
In its name Slovenia is hiding the word love, so we covered the map of Slovenia with hearts in colours of Slovenian flag (white, blue, red). White hearts show particular Slovenian characteristics.
https://www.slovenia.info/en
BOHINJ:
https://www.bohinj.si/en/